Wittenberg Meets the World by Garcia Alberto L.;Nunes John A.;

Author:Garcia, Alberto L.;Nunes, John A.;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Eerdmans

1. FCTC, 88.

2. This reflection is found in Luther’s well-known treatise On the Councils and the Churches (1539) (LW 41:164).

3. LW 41:164–65.

4. See “Diakonēo in the N.T.,” in Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. Gerhard Kittel (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964), 2:84–85.

5. There are a number of studies that point to this. For current proposals on this topic, see Vitor Westhelle, The Scandalous God: The Use and Abuse of the Cross (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2009); Hinlicky, Luther and the Beloved Community, 301–78; Mary M. Solberg, Compelling: A Feminist Proposal for an Epistemology of the Cross (New York: State University of New York Press, 1997), 55–94; Alberto L. García, “Signposts for Global Witness in Luther’s Theology of the Cross,” in The Theology of the Cross for the 21st Century, ed. Alberto L. García and A. R. Victor Raj (St. Louis: Concordia, 2002), 15–36.

6. Leonardo Boff, Iglesia: carisma y poder (Santander: Sal Terrae, 1981), 25–26. Boff’s perspective, however, is a practice carried out within the economic, social, and political life of the people. It does not address the problem of identity that is a critical issue for our marginal living experience in the Americas. For a perceptive understanding of this difference, see Michelle A. González, “Is Pope Francis the First Latin American Pope? The Politics of Identity in America,” in Pope Francis in Postcolonial Reality, ed. Nicolas Panotto (Borderless, 2015), 77–86. González’s critique takes into consideration the issue of identity as discussed in the first chapter of this book.

7. Boff, Iglesia, 25.

8. See LW 31:230. Luther makes this perfectly clear in his Explanations of the Ninety-Five Theses published in 1518 (see LW 31:230–31). This is also poignantly expressed in Luther’s Disputation against Scholastic Theology, written in September 1518, a month before the 95 Theses. See in particular his Theses 40 and 43 (LW 31:12–13).

9. BC, 360–61.

10. This is neither the time nor the place to discuss the Catholic Church’s sacrament of penance, or the system of indulgences in the sixteenth century, a system that Luther later abandoned. For an easy and readable explanation of the Catholic teaching on the sacrament of penance, and Luther’s dialogue with the use and practice of the sacrament at the time, as well as an overview of other theologians in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, see James Atkinson, Martin Luther and the Birth of Protestantism (Atlanta: John Knox, 1968), 142–56. We must caution the reader that indulgences do not mean the same thing to Catholics today as they did to Luther and his contemporaries and Catholicism five hundred years ago.

11. Pope Leo X (1475–1521) was strapped for funds at the time due to his ambitious desire to rebuild Saint Peter’s Basilica in the grandiose style that princes and kings during the Renaissance expected and demanded. His opportune time came when Albrecht von Brandenburg (1490–1545) had to find a way to pay for his debt acquired from Jacob Fugger for the fees already paid to Rome for his holy seat. He was also bound with more contributions to the Basilica project.

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